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- MARVIN VS FIVE-CARD MAJORS
-
-
- An opening bid of 1C or 1D on a three-card suit is quite common
- in five-card major systems. Forcing club system bidders may even
- open 1D with a weak doubleton and a light hand. The following
- defense is aimed at punishing these practices. It may be applied
- selectively, e.g., against vulnerable opponents only. It applies
- only to direct action taken by an unpassed hand. Balancing and
- passed hand actions are standard. It does not apply against 1
- openings that guarantee four cards.
-
-
- Defense Against a One Diamond Opening
-
- -- A 1H overcall is artificial, forcing, a takeout bid. Partner
- ("advancer") responds as to a takeout double. A response of 2D is
- a normal forcing cue bid, while a response of 3D is natural,
- invitational. You have to respond 1NT with diamonds and a bad hand,
- which unfortunately makes the 1NT response a wide-range bid.
-
- -- A 1S overcall is natural, too good (or spades too weak) for a
- preemptive 2S overcall.
-
- -- A 1NT overcall is forcing, showing a simple heart overcall, too
- good (or hearts too weak) for a preemptive 2H overcall. Partner
- bids 2H to sign off, an action that requires no strength at all.
- Other bids are the same as if the overcall had been a natural heart
- bid. A 2D bid is a standard cue bid response to the overcall, while
- 3C or 3D is natural (invitational or forcing, as you prefer).
-
- South West North East
- 1D 1NT Pass 2D - standard cue bid
- 2H - sign-off
- 2/2S - not forcing
- 3/3D - as you like it
-
- -- A 2NT overcall shows a preemptive jump overcall in clubs.
-
- -- A 2C overcall is artificial and forcing, showing a strong (i.e.,
- eight playing tricks) jump overcall in some suit, or an eight-trick
- notrump hand based on a solid six-card minor plus stoppers. With
- a standard club overcall, too good for a (preemptive) 2NT call, bid
- 3C if you are strong enough, otherwise pass. Partner bids 2D
- (forcing) over 2C to find out what you have, or may bid a very good
- suit (also forcing):
-
- South West North East
- 1D 2C Pass 2?
- Pass 2/2/3/3D - strong jump in this suit
- 2NT - natural, solid minor, stoppers
-
- One quick trick is enough to raise the 2NT bid. If opener's partner
- sticks in a bid (e.g., 2), 2NT can be used for the query. The
- solid suit for an eight-trick notrump hand is probably clubs, but
- could be diamonds.
-
- -- A 2D overcall has the same meaning as a cue bid over a normal
- (e.g., four-card) diamond opening. With a natural diamond overcall,
- just pass and hope to act later if you can't double (see below) or
- bid 3. You may find that opener has a real diamond suit, or that
- you can eventually double a notrump contract for a diamond lead.
-
- -- A double of 1D shows a notrump hand of two possible ranges,
- 16-18 high card points (HCP) or 21-22 HCP, including Qxx or better
- in diamonds. With 19-20 HCP, bid 1H and follow with an appropriate
- notrump bid, just as you would normally double and then bid notrump
- with such a hand. With diamonds weaker than Qxx, a 1H takeout is
- probably a good alternative.
-
- The reason for (reluctantly) excluding 19-20 HCP hands is that the
- doubler will sometimes have to bid 2NT on his own when holding more
- than 18 HCP, a dangerous action with only 19-20 HCP. You can cheat
- a trifle on the 16 HCP requirement when the diamonds are extra good
- (e.g., KJ97). Be sure to count a little more for tenaces like AQ,
- AJx, KJx, etc. Sitting over the opening bidder makes such holdings
- more valuable than their normal point count (and makes opener's
- honors worth less).
-
- The double of 1D puts opener in a bind right away if his diamond
- suit is short. The opponents may have no place to go, and even if
- they do, they may have difficulty finding it. (Try to devise a
- system for locating the best contract after a double--it's not
- easy.) The double has constructive as well as destructive purposes.
- A 4-4 major suit fit, or even a minor suit fit, can sometimes be
- found when a 1NT overcall would have been passed out.
-
- After a double, all notrump bidding systems are "on": Stayman,
- Jacoby, etc. Partner bids 1NT if he would have passed a standard
- 1NT overcall, assuming he doesn't want to defend against one
- diamond doubled.
-
- -- Jump overcalls in a major (or in diamonds) are preemptive. Bid
- 2NT with a preemptive jump overcall in clubs, 3C with an inter-
- mediate club overcall, pass with a minimum club overcall.
-
-
- Defense Against A One Club Opening
-
- The defense against a 1C opening is similar, except that 1D is the
- takeout call, and the meanings of 2C and 2D are reversed:
-
- South West
- 1C Dbl - strong notrump
- 1D - takeout, forcing
- 1/1S - natural overcall
- 1NT - normal diamond overcall
- 2C - normal cue bid
- 2D - strong jump in some suit
- 2/2/3C - preemptive
- 2NT - preemptive diamond overcall
- 3D - intermediate diamond overcall
-
- After a double of 1, advancer can bid 1D to ask for a major. This
- denies the strength required for a 2C Stayman bid, and may be based
- on a complete bust.
-
- The 2D overcall of 1C bid is forcing, of course. Advancer bids 2H
- if he would pass a strong jump overcall in hearts, 2S if he would
- pass a spade jump but not a heart jump. Higher suit bids are
- natural, forcing. He can bid 2NT to inquire:
-
- South West North East
- 1C 2D Pass 2NT?
- 3 any suit - strong overcall in that suit
- 3NT - solid minor plus stoppers
-
- The complete text of MARVIN VS FIVE-CARD MAJORS comprises seven
- single-spaced pages. Besides adding more detail to the above text,
- it includes the following subjects:
-
- Bidding after a double
- -- Details for responding to the double (or passing it)
- -- What if next hand bids over the double
-
- When second hand passes or overcalls naturally
- -- What are fourth seat actions when second seat passes or makes
- a standard overcall?
-
- Reopening an opposing auction
- -- Should you pass or bid if they stop in 1NT?
-
- When there's a 1NT response to a major opening
- -- What defensive principles apply after a forcing 1NT response?
-
- This defense originated as a defense against the Precision one
- diamond opening, published in the Bridge World magazine, February
- 1978, and was later extended to cover non-conventional one club
- openings as well.